AliAlarajMD

PubMed

• 53 citations
  Clinical outcome of surgical treatment of failed back surgery syndrome
  Ghassan Skaf, Carmel Bouclaous, Ali Alaraj, Roukoz B. Chamoun
  Surgical Neurology. 2005-12-01
• 92 citations
  Virtual reality cerebral aneurysm clipping simulation with real-time haptic feedback
  Ali Alaraj, Cristian Luciano, Daniel P. Bailey, Abdussalam Elsenousi, Ben Roitberg
  Neurosurgery. 2015-03-01
• 33 citations
  Validation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics assessed by DSA using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography: preliminary study.
  Sophia F. Shakur, Denise Brunozzi, Ahmed Hussein, Andreas A. Linninger, Chih-Yang Hsu
  Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery. 2018-02-01

Journal Articles

• Original Article Improving Ventriculostomy Management: Risk and Cost Reduction Through a Multi-Disciplinary Approach  
  Ali Alaraj, Melissa Angulo, Fernando D Testai, ScienceDirect
• Thresholds for Volume and Expansion in Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: Predictors of Neurologic Deterioration and Mortality  
  Darian R. Esfahani MD; Caitlin A. Radnis BA; Ahmed E. Hussein MD; Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD; Fady T. Charbel MD; Ali Alaraj MD, World Neurosurgery, 1/29/2017
• Accuracy in identifying the source of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the setting of multiple intracranial aneurysms  
  Jennifer Orning, MD., Sophia Shakur, MD., Ali Alaraj, MD. Moni Behbehani, MD., Fady Charbel, MD., Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD, Neurosurgery, 1/26/2017
• Validation of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics assessed by digital subtraction angiography using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography  
  Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Denise Brunozzi, M.D., Ahmed E. Hussein, M.D., Andreas Linninger, Ph.D., Chih-Yang Hsu, B.S., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Journal of NeuroIntervtional Surgery, 1/24/2017
• Surgery for Cerebellar Hemorrhage – a NSQIP-Database Analysis of Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality and Prolonged Ventilation  
  Gregory D. Arnone, MD; Darian R. Esfahani MD; Matt Wonais, BS; Prateek Kumar, BA; Justin K. Scheer, MD; Ali Alaraj, MD; Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD; Fady T. Charbel MD; An..., World Neurosurgery, 1/19/2017
• Changes in Contrast Transit times on Digital Subtraction Angiography Post Pipeline Embolization Device Deployment  
  Ahmed E. Hussein, MD., Sophia Shakur, MD., Andreas Linninger, PhD, Fady T Charbel II, BS., Chih-Yang Hsu, BS., Fady T. Charbel, MD., Ali Alaraj, MD, Interventional Neuroradiology, 1/17/2017
• Neurosurgical Emergency Transfers: an Analysis of Deterioration and Mortality  
  Ali Alaraj MD, Ahmed E Hussein MD, Darian R Esfahani MD, Ioana Darie MD, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD, Konstantin V Slavin MD, Xinjian Du MD MPH, Fady T Charbel MD, Neurosurgery, 1/13/2017
• Transorbital glue embolization of a recurrent venous varix using real-time image guidance in the neuroangiography suite  
  Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Denise Brunozzi, M.D., Pete Setabutr, M.D., Ahmed E. Hussein, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., World Neurosurgery, 1/11/2017
• Rupture after bypass and distal occlusion of giant anterior circulation aneurysms  
  Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Andrew P. Carlson, M.D., Dominic Harris, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., World Neurosurgery, 1/3/2017
• Middle cerebral artery flow velocity increases more in patients with delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhage following Pipeline deployment  
  Denise Brunozzi, M.D., Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Ahmed E. Hussein, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, 1/2/2017
• Gap-Free Segmentation of Vascular Networks with Automatic Image Processing Pipeline  
  Chih-Yang Hsu, B.S.; Mahsa Ghaffari, M.S.; Ali Alaraj, M.D.; Michael Flannery; Xiaohong J Zhou, Ph.D.; Andreas Linninger, Ph.D, Computers in Biology and Medicine, 1/1/2017
• Quantitative assessment of parent vessel and distal intracranial hemodynamics following Pipeline flow diversion  
  Sophia Shakur, Victor Aletich, Ahmad Hussein, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Fady Charbel, Ali Alaraj, Interventional Neuroradiology, 1/1/2017
• Aneurysm Size and the Windkessel Effect: an Analysis of Transit Time in Digital Subtraction Angiography  
  Ahmed E. Hussein, MD, Darian R. Esfahani, MD, Andreas Linninger, PhD, Fady T Charbel II, BS, Chih-Yang Hsu, BS, Fady T. Charbel, MD, Ali Alaraj, MD, Interventional Neuroradiology, 1/1/2017
• Safety and efficacy of balloon angioplasty of the anterior cerebral artery for vasospasm treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage  
  Nauman S. Chaudhry, MD, Jennifer L. Orning, MD, Sophia F. Shakur, MD, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD, Victor A. Aletich, MD, Fady T. Charbel, MD, Ali Alaraj, MD, Interventional Neuroradiology, 1/1/2017
• An enhanced patient-specific computer model using an iterative multi-staged algorithm  
  Meide Zhao, Robert Kufahl, Marlyn E. Clark, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Victor Aletich, Ali Alaraj, Xinjian Du, Fady T. Charbel, Journal of Neurology Research, 1/1/2017
• Reducing Length of Stay in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Three Year Institutional Experience  
  Ali Alaraj MD, Ahmed E Hussein MD, Darian R Esfahani MD, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD, Victor A. Aletich, MD, Fady T Charbel MD, Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 1/1/2017
• Contrast transit time changes on digital subtraction angiography following pipeline flow diversion  
  Brunozzi D, Shakur S, Charbel F, Alaraj, A, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, 1/1/2017
• Middle cerebral artery pressure changes following pipeline flow diversion  
  Brunozzi D, Shakur S, Charbel F, Alaraj, A, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, 1/1/2017
• Effect of age on cerebral arteriovenous malformation draining vein stenosis  
  Shakur S, Brunozzi D, Ismail R, Charbel, F, Alaraj, A, Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery, 1/1/2017
• Novel Imaging Approaches to Cerebrovascular Disease  
  Hage ZA, Alaraj A, Arnone GD, Charbel FT, Translational Research, 1/31/2016
• Automatic extraction of subject specific cerebrovascular trees  
  Chih-Yang Hsu; Ben Schneller; Ali Alaraj; Xiaohong Joe Zhou; Andreas Linninger, Magnetic Resonance Medicine, 1/17/2016
• Correlation Between Angiographic Transit Times and Neurological Status on Admission in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage  
  Alexander Ivanov, M.D., Andreas Linninger, Ph.D., Chih-Yang Hsu, B.S., Sepideh Amin- Hanjani, M.D., Victor A. Aletich, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., J Neurosurg, 1/1/2016
• Recurrence of cerebral arteriovenous malformations following resection in adults: Does pre-operative embolization increase the risk?  
  Alexander A. Ivanov M.D., Ali Alaraj M.D., Fady T. Charbel M.D., Victor Aletich M.D., Sepideh Amin-Hanjani M.D., Neurosurgery, 1/1/2016
• Relationship of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics to clinical presentation, angioarchitectural features, and hemorrhage  
  Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Kelly Liesse, B.S, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, M.D., Andrew P. Carlson, M.D., Victor A. Aletich, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Neurosurgery, 1/1/2016
• Angiographic and Clinical Correlates of Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes with Diamox Challenge assessed by Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography  
  Mersedeh Bahr-Hosseini, M.D., Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Stroke, 1/1/2016
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Books/Book Chapters

• Tools For Chemical Product Design From Consumer Products to Biomedicine 
  Chapter: Walk-In Brain: Virtual Reality Environment for Immersive Exploration and Simulation of Brain Metabolism and Function. 
  Hartung, G., Alaraj, A., & Linninger, A.Elsevier B.V.2017
• Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cerebrovascular Surgery. 
  Chapter: Advanced Strategies and Techniques for Surgical Aneurysm Treatment. 
  Charbel F, Alaraj A, Amin-Hanjani STaipei, Taiwan2006
• Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cerebrovascular Surgery. 
  Chapter: Surgical Treatment of Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Update on the State of the Art. 
  Charbel F, Alaraj A, Amin-Hanjani STaipei, Taiwan2006
• Youman’s Neurological Surgery. 
  Chapter: Chapter 359. Extracranial Vertebral Artery Disease. 
  Charbel F, Alaraj A, Amin-Hanjani SEditors: H. Richard Winn, MD (Editor-in-Chief).Edition 7th,
• Youman’s Neurological Surgery. 
  Chapter: Chapter 370. Neurovascular Imaging. 
  Alaraj, A. Lichtenbaum R, Charbel FEditors: H. Richard Winn, MD (Editor-in-Chief).Edition 7th,
• The Comprehensive Textbook of Healthcare Simulation. 
  Chapter: Simulation for Neurosurgery and Neurosurgical Procedures. 
  Ali Alaraj, Matthew K. Tobin, Daniel M. Birk, Fady T. CharbelEditors: Levine, Schwib and Ziv.
• 2-Intraoperative Neuromonitoring. 
  Chapter: Intraoperative Measurement and Monitoring of Brain Blood Flow. 
  Abilash Haridas, Ali Alaraj, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Fady CharbelEditors: Loftus, Biller, and Baron.
• Neurovascular Surgical Techniques. 
  Chapter: Cranial Arteriovenous Fistulae, Classifications, Endovascular and Surgical Techniques. 
  Ali Alaraj, Amit Nathani, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Victor Aletich, Fady T. CharbelEditors: Pascal Jabbour, MD.
• Neurovascular Surgical Techniques. 
  Chapter: The Use of Intraoperative Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements in Neurosurgery: Past, Present, and Future. 
  Omar Qahwash, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Ali Alaraj, Fady T CharbelEditors: Pascal Jabbour, MD.
• Cerebral Revascularization: Techniques in Extracranial-to-Intracranial Bypass Surgery 
  Chapter: EC-IC Bypass for Posterior Circulation Ischemia. 
  Amin-Hanjani S., Alaraj A., Charbel FTEditors: Saleem I. Abdulrauf, MD.
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Abstracts/Posters

• Middle Cerebral Artery Pressure Changes following Pipeline Flow Diversion.
  Denise Brunozzi, M.D., Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery 14th Annual Meeting, Colorado Springs, CO, 1/24/2017
• Relationship between aneurysm size and distal intracranial hemodynamics.
  Ahmed E. Hussein, M.D., Denise Brunozzi, M.D., Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Rahim Ismail, B.S., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., International Stroke Conference, Houston, TX, 1/22/2017
• Middle Cerebral Artery Pressure and Flow Velocity Changes Following Pipeline Flow Diversion.
  Denise Brunozzi, M.D., Ahmed E. Hussein, M.D., Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, 1/22/2017
• Transit Time on Digital subtraction angiography correlates with cerebral AVM flow measured by quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
  Denise Brunozzi, MD., Ahmed E. Hussein MD., Sophia F. Shakur MD, Andreas Linninger PhD., Chih-Yang Hsu, B.S., Fady T. Charbel MD., Ali Alaraj, MD, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, 1/22/2017
• Safety and efficacy of balloon angioplasty of the anterior cerebral artery for vasospasm treatment after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  Nauman S. Chaudhry, MD, Jennifer L. Orning, MD, Sophia F. Shakur, MD, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD, Victor A. Aletich, MD, Fady T. Charbel, MD, Ali Alaraj, MD, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, 1/22/2017
• Analysis Of Critical Hemodynamic Parameters To Evaluate Carotid Siphon
  Mahsa Ghaffari, C-Y Hsu, Ali Alaraj, Andreas Linninger, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Biotransport Conference, Tucson, AZ, 1/21/2017
• Quantitative Analysis Of Disturbed Flow Before And After Angioplasty In Intracranial Arteries.
  Mahsa Ghaffari, C-Y Hsu, Ali Alaraj, Andreas Linninger, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Biotransport Conference, Tucson, AZ, 1/21/2017
• Isolated Spinal Artery Aneurysms: Management.
  Laura McGuire, Ali Alaraj, Fady T. Charbel, Victor A. Aletich, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section Annual Meeting, Houston, TX, 1/20/2017
• Impact of Platelet Transfusion on Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Patients on Antiplatelet Therapy.
  Gregory D. Arnone, Prateek Kumar, Matt C. Wonais, Sally A. Campbell-Lee, Fady T. Charbel, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Ali Alaraj, Andreea Seicean, Ankit I. Mehta, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Boston, MA, 1/7/2017
• Atherosclerotic Risk Factors Associated with Arteriovenous Malformations of Venous Ectasia and Venous Stenosis Variants.
  Sophia F. Shakur, Ali Alaraj, Nasya Mendoza-Elias, Fady Charbel, Ali Alaraj, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Boston, MA, 1/7/2017
• Hemodynamic characteristics associated with cerebral aneurysm formation in patients with carotid occlusion.
  Sophia F. Shakur, Ali Alaraj, Nasya Mendoza-Elias, Muhammad Osama, Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Boston, MA, 1/7/2017
• Angiographic Flow Index on DSA Correlates with Cerebral Flow Measured by Quantitative MRA.
  Ahmed E Hussein, Denise Brunozzi, Sophia F Shakur, Andreas Linninger, Chih-Yang Hsu, Fady T Charbel and Ali Alaraj, Stroke; American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting; International Stroke Conference, Houston, TX, 2017; Los Angeles, CA, 2017, 1/1/2017
• Relationship Between Aneurysm Size and Distal Cerebral Hemodynamics.
  Ahmed E Hussein, Denise Brunozzi, Sophia F Shakur, Fady T Charbel and Ali Alaraj, Stroke, 1/1/2017
• Transit Time on Digital Subtraction Angiography Correlates with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Flow Measured by Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography.
  Denise Brunozzi, Ahmed E Hussein, Sophia F Shakur, Andreas Linninger, Chih-Yang Hsu, Fady T Charbel and Ali Alaraj, Stroke, 1/1/2017
• Neurosurgical Emergency Transfers: an Analysis of Mortality.
  Ahmed E Hussein MD, Darian R Esfahani MD, Ioana Darie MD, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD, Konstantin V Slavin MD, Xinjian Du MD MPH, Fady T Charbel MD, Ali Alaraj MD, 84th AANS Annual Scientific Meeting, Chicago, IL, 1/30/2016
• Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Flow is Associated with Venous Intimal Hyperplasia.
  Sophia Shakur MD; Ahmed E. Hussein MD; Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD, FAANS, FACS, FAHA; Tibor Valyi-Nagy MD, PhD; Victor Allyn Aletich; Fady T. Charbel MD; Ali Alaraj MD, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery 13th Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, 1/25/2016
• Reducing Length of Stay in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Three Year Institutional Experience.
  Ahmed E Hussein MD, Darian R Esfahani MD, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD, Victor A. Aletich, MD, Fady T Charbel MD, Ali Alaraj MD, AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, 1/15/2016
• Changes in pulsatility and resistance indices of cerebral arteriovenous malformation feeder arteries after embolization and surgery.
  Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, M.D., Mohamed Abouelleil, B.S., Victor A. Aletich M.D., Fady T. Charbel M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., International Stroke Conference, Los Angeles, CA, 1/15/2016
• Aneurysm Size and the Windkessel Effect: an Analysis of Transit Time in Digital Subtraction Angiography.
  Ahmed E. Hussein, MD., Andreas Linninger, PhD, Fady T Charbel II, BS., Chih-Yang Hsu, BS., Fady T. Charbel, MD., Victor A. Aletich, MD., Ali Alaraj, MD, J NeuroIntervent Surg; Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery 13th Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, 1/1/2016
• Changes in Pulsatility and Resistance Indices of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Feeder Arteries after Embolization and Surgery.
  Sophia F. Shakur, MD; Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, MD; Mohamed Abouelleil, BS; Victor Aletich, MD; Fady Charbel, MD; Ali Alaraj, Journal of Neurosurgery, 1/1/2016
• Changes in Contrast Transit times on Digital Subtraction Angiography Post Pipeline Embolization Device Deployment.
  Ali Alaraj, MD., Ahmed E. Hussein, MD., Andreas Linninger, PhD, Fady T Charbel II, BS., Chih-Yang Hsu, BS., Fady T. Charbel, MD., Victor A. Aletich, MD, J NeuroIntervent Surg, 1/1/2016
• Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Flow is Associated with Venous Intimal Hyperplasia.
  Sophia Shakur MD; Ahmed E. Hussein MD; Sepideh Amin-Hanjani MD; Tibor Valyi-Nagy MD, PhD; Victor Allyn Aletich; Fady T. Charbel MD; Ali Alaraj MD, J NeuroIntervent Surg, 1/1/2016
• Changes in Pulsatility and Resistance Indices of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Feeder Arteries After Embolization and Surgery.
  Sophia F Shakur, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Mohamed Abouelleil, Victor Aletich, Fady Charbel, Ali Alaraj, Stroke, 1/1/2016
• Increased Prevalence and Rupture Status of Feeder Vessel Aneurysms in Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformations.
  Jennifer Orning, M.D. , Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, M.D., Youssef Hamade, M.S., Xinjian Du, M.D., M.Ph., Victor Aletich, M.S., M.D., Fady Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj M.D., Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 1/27/2015
• Hemodynamic characteristics of cerebral arteriovenous malformation feeder vessels with and without aneurysms.
  Sophia F. Shakur, M.D., Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, M.D., Hassan Mostafa, M.D., Fady T. Charbel, M.D., Ali Alaraj, M.D., Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 1/27/2015
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Lectures

• Contrast transit time changes on digital subtraction angiography following Pipeline flow diversion. 
  Colorado Springs, CO - 1/24/2017
• Endovascular Approached in Treating Dural Arteriovenous Fistula. 
  Istanbul, Turkey - 1/24/2017
• Hemodynamics of Arteriovenous Malformation Uncovered. 
  Istanbul, Turkey - 1/23/2017
• Transit Time on Digital subtraction angiography correlates with cerebral AVM flow measured by quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography. 
  Houston, TX - 1/22/2017
• Hemodynamics of Arteriovenous Malformation. 
  Novosibirsk, Russia - 1/13/2017
• Role of Embolization of Arteriovenous Malformation. 
  Novosibirsk, Russia - 1/13/2017
• Role of Pipeline stenting in anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms. 
  Novosibirsk, Russia - 1/13/2017
• Role of Quantitative flows in Endovascular Neurosurgery. 
  Novosibirsk, Russia - 1/13/2017
• Components of Stroke Center. 
  Chicago, IL - 1/6/2017
• Update on Guidelines for management of Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. 
  Chicago, IL - 1/6/2017
• Endovascular Embolization of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations. 
  Boston, MA - 1/29/2016
• Changes in Contrast Transit times on Digital Subtraction Angiography Post Pipeline Embolization Device Deployment 
  Boston, MA - 1/25/2016
• Acute Stroke Intervention, what does the Anesthesiologist need to know. 
  University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL - 1/15/2016
• Changes in pulsatility and resistance indices of cerebral arteriovenous malformation feeder arteries after embolization. 
  Chicago, IL - 1/1/2016
• Parent vessel and intracranial hemodynamics following implantation of Pipeline flow-diverting stents. 
  San Francisco, CA - 1/27/2015
• Usefulness of a Virtual Reality Percutaneous Trigeminal Rhizotomy Simulator in Neurosurgical Training 
  Spain - 1/24/2015
• New Guidelines for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. 
  Maywood, IL - 1/23/2015
• Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke Post MR CLEAN. 
  St. Mary Medical Center, Hobart, IN - 1/23/2015
• The changing landscape of Acute Stroke Intervention. 
  St. Mary Medical Center, Hobart, IN - 1/23/2015
• Management of Ruptured Aneurysms. 
  1/23/2015
• Surgical Management of Intracranial Hemorrhage. 
  West Suburban Hospital, Oak Park, IL - 1/15/2015
• Hemodynamics of AVM uncovered. 
  Beirut, Lebanon - 1/11/2015
• Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Acute Stroke. 
  Chicago, IL - 1/11/2015
• Does Hemodynamics Explain the Natural History of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations? 
  University of Chicago, Chicago, IL - 1/11/2015
• The Changing Landscape of Acute Stroke Therapy. 
  Mercy Hospital, Chicago, IL - 1/7/2015
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Other

• Intracranial Venous Sinus Thrombosis Management. 
  Alaraj A, Roitberg B, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, Continuing Education Subspecialties, Critical Care Sect
  1/1/2006
• Critical Care Management of Extracranial Carotid Dissections. 
  Alaraj A, Roitberg B, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, Continuing Education Subspecialties, Critical Care Sect