AlexanderRichardVaccaroMDPhD, MBA

PubMed

• Higher socioeconomic status is associated with greater rates of surgical resource utilization prior to spine fusion surgery.
  Teeto Ezeonu, Rajkishen Narayanan, Rachel Huang, Yunsoo Lee, Nathaniel Kern
  The Spine Journal. 2025-04-01
• The Effect of Body Mass Index on Surgical Outcomes Following Aseptic Short-Segment Revision Lumbar Fusions: A Retrospective Study.
  Nicholas B Pohl, Jonathan Dalton, Rachel Huang, Rajkishen Narayanan, Omar H Tarawneh
  World Neurosurgery. 2025-03-19
• Comparing Postoperative Opioid Use in Primary and Revision Lumbar Fusion: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.
  Jonathan Dalton, Jarod Olson, Nicholas B Pohl, Rajkishen Narayanan, Omar H Tarawneh
  World Neurosurgery. 2025-03-18

Journal Articles

• P15 peptide stimulates chondrogenic commitment and endochondral ossification  
  Jun Zhang & Peter Eisenhauer & Oz an Kaya & Alexander R. Vaccaro & Carol Diallo & Andrzej Fertala & Theresa A. Freeman, International Orthopaedics, 4/8/2017
• Organizational Structural Design in Spine Care  
  Alok D. Sharan, MD, MHCDS, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD,w Michael E. West, MBA, CPA,w and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBAw, Clinical Spine Surgery, 4/3/2017
• The Role of Multimodal Analgesia in Spine Surgery  
  Mark F. Kurd, MD Tyler Kreitz, MD Gregory Schroeder, MD Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 4/1/2017
• Bringing Clarity to the Treatment of Common Spinal Disorders  
  Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, and Charles G. Fisher, MD, Spine Journal, 4/2017
• Understanding Traditional Research Impact Metrics  
  Joseph S. Butler, PhD, FRCS, Arjun S. Sebastian, MD, I. David Kaye, MD, Scott C. Wagner, MD, Patrick B. Morrissey, MD, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Christopher K. Kepler,..., Clinical Spine Surgery, 3/17/2017
• Bone morphogenetic proteins in anterior cervical fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis  
  Shayan Abdollah Zadegan, MD, Aidin Abedi, MD, Seyed Behnam Jazayeri, MD, Hirbod Nasiri Bonaki, MD, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro MD, PhD, MBA, Vafa R..., World Neurosurgery, 3/15/2017
• Controversies in Spinal Trauma and Evolution of Care  
  James S. Harrop, MD, George N. Rymarczuk, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro,MD, PhD, Michael P. Steinmetz,MD, Lindsay A. Tetreault, HBSc, Michael G. Fehlings,MD, PhD, NEUROSURGERY, 3/2017
• Intervertebral Disk Degeneration and Repair  
  James Dowdell,MD, Mark Erwin, MD, Theodoe Choma,MD, Alexander Vaccaro,MD, PhD, James Iatridis, PhD, Samuel K. Cho, MD, NeuroSurgery, 3/2017
• Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Spine Surgery  
  Paul A. Anderson, MD, JasonW. Savage,MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, PhD, MD, Kristen Radcliff, MD, Paul M. Arnold, MD, Brandon D. Lawrence,MD, Mohammed F. Shamji, PhD, MD, NeuroSurgery, 3/2017
• Value-based Insurance Design  
  Alok D. Sharan, MD, MHCDS, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Michael E. West, MBA, CPA, and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, Clinical Spine Surgery, 3/2017
• The Evolution of Current Research Impact Metrics From Bibliometrics to Altmetrics?  
  Joseph S. Butler, PhD, FRCS, I. David Kaye,MD, Arjun S. Sebastian,MD, Scott C. Wagner,MD, Patrick B. Morrissey, MD, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Christopher K. Kepler, MD..., Clinical Spine Surgery, 2/21/2017
• Does Medicaid Insurance Confer Adequate Access to Adult Orthopaedic Care in the Era of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act?  
  Joseph T. Labrum IV BA, Taylor Paziuk BS, Theresa C. Rihn BS, JD, Alan S. Hilibrand MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro MD, PhD, MBA, Mitchell G. Maltenfort PhD, Jeffrey A. Rihn MD, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 2/21/2017
• Association of pain, social support and socioeconomic indicators in patients with spinal cord injury in Iran  
  Z Khazaeipour, E Ahmadipour, V Rahimi-Movaghar, F Ahmadipour, AR Vaccaro and B Babakhani, Spinal Cord, 2/2017
• Is It Possible To Evaluate the Ideal Cervical Alignment for Each Patient Needing Surgery? An Easy Rule To Determine the Appropriate Cervical Lordosis in Preoperative P...  
  Marco Ajello, Nicola Marengo, Giulia Pilloni, Federica Penner, Giovanni Vercelli, Federico Pecoraro, Francesco Zenga, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Alessandro Ducati, Diego Ga..., World Neurosurgery, 1/2017
• Point of View  
  Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Brian W. Su, MD, and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, Spine Journal, 2017
• Value-based Insurance Design  
  Alok D. Sharan, MD, MHCDS, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Michael E. West, MBA, CPA,and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, Clinical Spine Surgery, 12/21/2016
• The Effect of Substance P on an Intervertebral Disc Rat Organ Culture Model  
  John D. Koerner, MD, Dessislava Z. Markova, PhD, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Jeffery A. Rihn, MD, Alan S. Hilibrand, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, D. Greg Anderson,..., Spine Journal, 12/15/2016
• Maximum pain on visual analog scales in spinal disorders  
  Caleb J. Behrend, MD, Etienne M. Schönbach, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, Ellen Coyne, MS, Mark L. Prasarn, MD, Glenn R. Rechtine, MD, The Spine Journal, 12/6/2016
• Evidence-Based Recommendations for Spine Surgery  
  Alexander R. Vaccaro MD, PhD, MBA,Charles G. Fisher MD, Alpesh A. Patel MD, FACS, Srinivas K. Prasad MD, John Chi MD, MPH, Kishore Mulpuri MBBS, MHSc, Kenneth C. Thoma..., Spine Journal, 12/2016
• Is It Necessary to Extend a Multilevel Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion to the Upper Thoracic Spine?  
  Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Christopher K. Kepler, MD, MBA, Mark F. Kurd, MD, Loren Mead, BS, Paul W. Millhouse, MD, MBA, Priyanka Kumar, BA, Kristen Nicholson, PhD, Chr..., Spine Journal, 12/2016
• Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: How Is It Classified?  
  Gregory D. Schroeder, MD Mark F. Kurd, MD Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 12/2016
• The Role of Incentives in Changing the Behavior of Spinal Care Providers A Primer on Behavioral Economics in Health Care  
  Alok D. Sharan, MD, MHCDS, Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Michael E. West, MBA, CPA, and Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, Clinical Spine Surgery, 12/2016
• Thoracolumbar Trauma Classification  
  Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, James S. Harrop, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA, Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 11/23/2016
• Demineralized bone matrix in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review  
  Shayan Abdollah Zadegan, Aidin Abedi, Seyed Behnam Jazayeri, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, European Spine Journal, 11/10/2016
• Spinal Deformities  
  Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, MBA and Gregory D. Schroeder, MD, Clinical Spine Surgery, 10/2016
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Books/Book Chapters

• Intraoperative Neuromonitoring 
  Chapter: Neurophysiologic Detection of Medial Pedicle Wall Violation in the Lumbar and Thoracic Spine 
  Schwartz DM, Bhalodia VM, Vaccaro AREditors: Loftus, C.M., Biller, J., Baron, E.M.McGraw Hill Education Medical, New York, NY2013
• Spine Surgery Basics 
  Chapter: Spine Trauma: Occipital and Upper Cervical Spine 
  Lo, X., Hwang, R.W., Smith, H.E., Gendelberg, D., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Patel, V.V., Patel, A., Harrop, J.S., Burger, E.Springer, New York, NY2013
• The Intervertebral Disc: Molecular and Structural Studies of the Disc in Health and Disease 
  Chapter: Spinal Motion Restoration Devices for the Degenerative Disc 
  Kang, D.G., Helgeson, M.D., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Shapiro, I.M., Risbud, M/V.Springer, New York, NY2013
• Operative Techniques in Spine Surgery 
  Chapter: Reduction Techniques for Cervical Fractures and Dislocations 
  Pearson, A.M., Sidhu, G., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Rhee, J.M., Boden, S.D., Flynn, J.M., Wiesel, S. W.Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA2012
• Spine Surgery Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management 
  Chapter: Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries 
  Sayadipour,A. Anderson, G., Mlyavykh, S., Pearlmutter, O., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Ed Benzel.Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA2012
• Essentials of Spinal Cord Injury 
  Chapter: Posttraumatic Kyphotic Deformity of the Cervical Spine 
  Radcliff, K, Gendelberg, D, Gurusukhman D.S. Sidhu, Vaccaro, AREditors: Fehlings, M., Vaccaro, A., Boakye, M., Rossignol, S., Ditunno, J., Burns, A.Thieme, New York, NY2012
• Spine Surgery Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management 
  Chapter: Neural Injury at the Molecular Level 
  Walsh, K., Vaccaro, A.R., Mullin, J., Kim, D., Henderson, F, Benzel, EEditors: Benzel EC.Elsevier, Philadelphia, PAEdition 3rd,2012
• Spine Surgery Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management 
  Chapter: Trauma Surgery: Cervical Spine 
  Chen, T, Stillerman, C, Daffner, S, Westerlund, E., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Benzel EC.Elsevier, Philadelphia, PAEdition 3rd,2012
• Paresthesia 
  Chapter: Underlying Causes of Paresthesia 
  Sharif-Alhoseini, M., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Imbelloni, L.E., Gouveia, M.A.InTech-Open Access Publisher, Rijeka, Croatia2012
• Spine Surgery: Operative Techniques 
  Chapter: Anterior Thoracic Diskectomy and Corpectomy 
  Harrod, C, Simpons, A, Vaccaro, ASaunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PAEdition 2nd,2012
• Decision Making in Spinal Care 
  Chapter: Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures 
  Ghobrial, G, Vaccaro, A. R., Harrop JEditors: Vaccaro, A, Anderson, D.G.Thieme, New York, NY2012
• Decision Making in Spinal Care 
  Chapter: Odontoid Fractures 
  Smith, H, Hwang, R, Smith, J., Vaccaro, AEditors: Vaccaro, A, Anderson, D.G.Thieme, New York, NY2012
• Spine Surgery: Operative Techniques 
  Chapter: Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion 
  Woods, K, Baron, E, Anand N, Vaccaro, ASaunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PAEdition 2nd,2012
• Spine Surgery: Operative Techniques 
  Chapter: Anterior C1-C2 Arthrodesis: Lateral Approach of Barbour and Whitesides 
  Baron, E, Vaccaro, ASaunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PAEdition 2nd,2012
• Rothman- Simeone The Spine 
  Chapter: Injuries of the Lower Cervical Spine 
  Anderson, P., A., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Herkowitz, H.N., Garfin, S.R., Eismont, F.J., Bell, G.R., Balderson, R.A.Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PAEdition 6th,2011
• Spinal Trauma 
  Chapter: Epidemiology of Spinal Cord Injury 
  Baron, E, Vaccaro, A.R., Zigler, J.EEditors: Ziegler, J.E., Eismont, F.J., Garfin, S.R., Vaccaro, A.R.AAOS, Rosemont, ILEdition 2nd,2011
• Spinal Trauma 
  Chapter: Fractures of the sacrum 
  Radcliff, K, Dilorio, T, Ong, A, Gruskay, J, Levine, A, Rihn, J, Vaccaro, A.REditors: Ziegler, J.E., Eismont, F.J., Garfin, S.R., Vaccaro, A.R.AAOS, Rosemont, ILEdition 2nd,2011
• Spinal Trauma 
  Chapter: Fractures of the Atlas 
  Radcliff, K. Maher, L, Hong, J, Stinsman, R, Levine A, Vaccaro AEditors: Ziegler, J.E., Eismont, F.J., Garfin, S.R., Vaccaro, A.R.AAOS, Rosemont, ILEdition 2nd,2011
• Spine Secrets 
  Chapter: Cervical and Lumbar Disk Arthroplasty 
  Su, B., Shimer, A., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Devlin, V.2010
• The Lumbar Vertebral Disc 
  Chapter: Clinical Features of Herniated Nucleus Pulposus 
  Kerr S, Patel D, Vaccaro AREditors: Phillips, F.M., Lauryssen, C.Thieme, New York, NY2009
• Neurotrauma and Critical Care of the Spine 
  Chapter: Spinal Cord Injuries in the Athlete 
  Kwon, Br, Kim, D, Vaccaro, AEditors: Jallo J, Vaccaro AR.Thieme, New York, NY2008
• Atlas of Spine Trauma: Adult and Pediatric 
  Chapter: Pediatric Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Injury and the Use of Lugue Segmental Instrumention in the Injured Pediatric Spine 
  Finn, M.A., Fassett, D.R., Bessey, J.T., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Kim, D.H., Ludwig, S.C., Vaccaro, A.R., Chang, J-C.Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA2008
• Cervical Spine Surgery Challenges: Diagnosis and Management 
  Chapter: Cervical Burst Fracture 
  Patel, D.N, Lee, J.Y., Tally, W., Vaccaro, A,REditors: Albert, T.J,. Lee, J.Y., Lim, M.R.Thieme, New York, NY2008
• Atlas of Spine Trauma: Adult and Pediatric 
  Chapter: Operative Techniques: Anterior Thoracolumbar Decompression, Fusion, and Instrumentation 
  White, A.P., Grauer, J.NEditors: Kim D, Ludwig SC, Vaccaro AR.Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, PA2008
• Surgery of the Pediatric Spine 
  Chapter: Congenital and Developmental Spinal Stenosis 
  Lee, J., Lim, M., Vaccaro, A.REditors: Kim, D et al.2008
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Abstracts/Posters

• Clinical Validation of a Novel, Anatomically Based Classification of Cervical Stenosis
  Vaccaro, AR, CSRS, Chicago, IL, 12/6/2012
• Influence of Neurological Status on Surgical Site Infection in Posterior Cervical Spinal Surgery
  Vaccaro, AR, CSRS, Chicago, IL, 12/6/2012
• Is a Formal Fusion Necessary During Instrumented Surgical Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures?
  Vaccaro, AR, North American Spine Society 27th Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, 10/24/2012
• Is a Formal Fusion Necessary During Instrumented Surgical Stabilization of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures?
  Vaccaro, AR, 19th International Meeting on Advanced Spine Techniques (IMAST), Istanbul, Turkey, 7/18/2012
• Spinal Tuberculosus: Diagnosis and Management
  Rasoulli, M., Mirkoohi, M., Vaccaro, A.R., Yarandi, K.K., Shahlaee, A., Movaghar, V.R, Congress of Iranian Neurosurgeons andJ. of Injury and Violence Research. A Biomedically Open Access Scientific Journal, 1/1/2012
• Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in Geriatric Patients with Odontoid Fractures – AO Spine North America Multi-centre Prospective Study GOF
  Vaccaro, AR, 62nd Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, 1/1/2012
• Minimally Invasive Discectomy versus Microdiscectomy/ Discectomy for Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation
  Movaghar, V.R., Rasoulli, M., Shokraneh, F., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Vaccaro, A.R., Sadeghi-Maini, M, Congress of Iranian Neurosurgeons andJ. of Injury and Violence Research. A Biomedically Open Access Scientific Journal, 1/1/2012
• Neurologic injury due to trauma after type II odontoid nonunion
  Vaccaro, AR, CSRS, Scottsdale, AZ, 12/8/2011
• Defensive Medicine: The Impact of Preventable Spinal Imaging
  Vaccaro, AR, NASS, 11/2/2011
• Neurologic Recovery Following Central Cord Syndrome in Surgically Treated Patients
  Vaccaro, AR, Joint EANS Annual Meeting - 4th ICH Conference, Newcastle Gateshead, UK, 5/2/2011
• Antidepressant drugs and risk of abnormal bleeding in spine surgery: A case control study
  Vaccaro, AR, The Philadelphia Psychiatric Society’s 9th Annual Colloquium of Scholars meeting, Annual Update in Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 3/26/2011
• The AOSpine North America Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Study: Perioperative Complication Rates Associated with Surgical Treatment Based on a Prospective Multicente...
  Vaccaro, AR, Global Spine Congress, Barcelona, Spain, 3/24/2011
• Predictors and Results of Reoperation for Spinal Stenosis: A Subgroup Analysis of the SPORT
  Vaccaro, AR, AAOS, San Diego, CA, 2/15/2011
• Does spinal alignment influence acetabular orientation A study of spinopelvic parameters and sagittal acetabular version
  Radcliff, K., Kepler, C.K., Hellman, M., Restropo, C., Jung, K., Vaccaro, A.R., Albert, T.J., Parvizi, J, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Does Weakness Affect the Outcome of Patients Treated for Lumbar Disk Herniation? A subgroup analysis of the SPORT
  Radcliff, K., Su, B., Hilibrand, A., Zhao, W., Lurie, J., Rihn, J., Vaccaro, A.R., Albert, T.J., Weinstein, J, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Adjacent Segment and Same Segment Reoperation After Surgery for Spinal Stenosis: A Subgroup Analysis of the SPORT
  Radcliff , K., Curry, P., Hilibrand, A., Zhao, W., Lurie, J., Tosteson, T., Rihn, J., Vaccaro, A.R., Albert, T.J., Weinstein, J, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Do Epidural Steroid Injections Affect the Outcome of Patients Treated for Lumbar Stenosis? A subgroup analysis of the SPORT
  Radcliff, K., Kepler, C., Hilibrand. A., Zhao, W., Lurie, J., Rihn, J., Vaccaro, A.R., Albert, T., Weinstein, J, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Diagnosis and Classification of Craniocervical Dislocations running title: Classification of Craniocervical Dislocations
  Radcliff, K.,. Kepler, C., Reitman, C., Harrop, J., Vaccaro, A.R, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Does a Multilevel Lumbar Laminectomy with a Single Level PLF Increase the Risk of Adjacent Segment Disease? A Comparative Analysis
  Neuman, B. Anderson, D.T., Radcliff, K., Albert, T.J., Vaccaro, A.R., Anderson, D.G., Hilibrand, A, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Cost-Utility Analyses in Spinal Care: A Systematic Review
  Rihn, J.A., Wilkinson, S., Radcliff, K., Vaccaro, A.R., Anderson, D.G., Hilibrand, A.S., Albert, T.J, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Covalent Attachment of P15 Peptide to Titanium Surfaces Enhances Cell Attachment Spreading and Osteogenic Gene Expression in MLO-A5 Cells
  Limthongkul, W., Liu, Q., Vaccaro, A.R., Schenk ,R., Hickok, N., Freeman, T.A, The Jefferson Orthopaedic Journal, 1/1/2011
• Radiographic Predictors of Postoperative C5 palsy After Cervical Laminectomy and Fusion
  Vaccaro, AR, CSRS, Charlotte, NC, 12/2/2010
• Does Obesity Affect Outcomes in the Lumbar Spine Patient
  Rihn, J.A., Radcliff, K., Hilibrand, A.S., Zhao, W., Blood, E., Vaccaro, A.R., Albert, T.J, Proceedings of the 25th annual meeting of the North American Spine Society, 10/5/2010
• Classification of Craniocervical Dissociative Injuries Based on CT and MRI
  Radcliff, K.E., Hong, J., Reitman, C., Anderson, D.G., Hilibrand, A., Albert, T., Vaccaro, A, Proceedings of the 25th annual meeting of the North American Spine Society, 10/5/2010
• The AOSpine North America Geriatric Odontoid Fracture Study: Mortality Outcomes in Surgical vs. Conservative Treatment in 158 Patients with Long-Term Follow-Up
  Vaccaro, AR, World Spinal Column Society, World Spine V Meeting, Santorini, Greece, 5/7/2010
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Lectures

• Medical Erros: root cause analysis 
  5/2/2014
• Update thoracolumbar spine trauma 
  5/2/2014
• Update cervical spine trauma 
  5/2/2014
• Leadership 
  5/2/2014
• MRI use in Spinal Trauma 
  New Haven, CT - 4/24/2014
• How we can utilize resources appropriately with regards to Spinal imaging 
  New Haven, CT - 4/24/2014
• Postoperative Wound infections 
  4/18/2014
• Controversies in management of common spinal disorders 
  Washington, DC - 4/9/2013
• Understanding system process analysis in medical care delivery to prevent adverse events 
  Augusta, GA - 4/27/2012
• An update on Spinal Cord Injury Translational Studies 
  Wright State University, Dayton, OH - 5/20/2011
• Understanding Evidence Based Approaches to the Management of Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease 
  Shrevesport, LA - 1/14/2011
• Evidence based Medicine 
  4/15/2010
• Medical errors and their prevention 
  4/15/2010
• Spinal Cord Regeneration 
  4/15/2010
• Spinal Trauma in the next decade 
  4/15/2010
• Understanding the role of latent background environmental problems and their contribution to patient related complications 
  Brooklyn, NY - 5/15/2009
• Thoracolumbar spinal trauma Spinal trauma-Decision making in treatment 
  Philadelphia, PA - 8/11/2008
• Understanding Evidence based medicine 
  2/15/2008
• Contemporary treatment of odontoid injuries 
  4/5/2006
• Thoracolumbar Fractures: Current trends in management 
  Philadelphia, PA - 11/22/2005
• The contemporary management of spinal trauma 
  Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Thomas Jefferson University - 4/6/2005
• The management of spinal trauma 
  Chicago, IL - 9/22/2004
• The management of cervical trauma 
  University of Kansas, Witchitaw Campus, Wichitaw, KS - 8/20/2004
• Elective cervical spine surgery-injury prevention 
  Chicago, IL - 4/28/2004
• Controversies in the management of cervical spine trauma 
  2/13/2004
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